On August 19, 2022, the Departments of Health and Human Services, Treasury and Labor (the "Departments") issued final rules (the “Final Rules”) incorporating comments received on the interim rules issued in July and October 2021, clarifying some of the requirements set forth in Title I of Division BB of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (the "Act") and the interim rules and accounting for relevant federal court rulings. In particular, the Final Rules primarily address three distinct but related topics: (1) eliminating the “rebuttable presumption standard,” (2) adding new rules regarding “downcoding,” and (3) reminding the arbitrators of their written requirements.  In this post Mintz attorneys Mark Aspis and Alden Bianchi discuss the implication of the Final rules which will be effective on October 25, 2022.

In early May, a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson (“J&J”) that operates copay assistance programs for J&J’s pharmaceutical companies brought suit against Save On SP, LLC, (“SaveOnSP”), a company that operates copay maximizer programs on behalf of insurers and PBMs. J&J’s complaint, which alleges one count of tortious interference and a second count of deceptive trade practices, is one of the most high-profile and closely watched legal actions that a pharmaceutical manufacturer has taken against a copay maximizer program.

OCR Provides Post-Dobbs Guidance on Non-Discrimination to Pharmacies

This summer—alongside concerns spanning from scorching temperatures and travel delays, to inflation and an unpredictable stock market—regulators continued to scrutinize drug prices and brainstorm various ways to combat them. However, despite the complex system and wide array of entities that make up the US pharmaceutical supply chain, regulators continued to try tackling the issue of high drug costs by directing their ire at one of two entities: pharmaceutical manufacturers or PBMs. Pharmaceutical manufacturers are squarely in the crosshairs of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), which was signed into law on August 16, 2022, and among other things, gives Medicare the authority to negotiate prices of certain drugs directly with manufacturers, and requires manufacturers to pay Medicare an “inflation rebate” if the prices for certain drugs rise faster than inflation. 

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a guidance on development and emergency use authorization of diagnostic and serological tests for the monkeypox virus following the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Service’s declaration of a public health emergency under Section 564 of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act on August 9, 2022. Subsequently, the Secretary declared on September 7 that in vitro diagnostics for monkeypox were needed to respond to the public health emergency, and the FDA released its guidance on the same day. The monkeypox test guidance describes the agency’s general expectations and approach for test development and validation, as well as the EUA request process.

This post is the third and final installment of our blog series on the proposed regulations published by the New York State Office of Medicaid Inspector General (OMIG). The proposed regulations would repeal the current Part 521 - Provider Compliance Programs of Title 18 of the New York Codes, Rules and Regulations in its entirety and establish new requirements for providers to detect and prevent fraud, waste, and abuse in the Medicaid Program under a new Part 521: Fraud, Waste, and Abuse Prevention (Part 521). If enacted, the proposed rules would implement changes related to Medicaid provider compliance programs, Medicaid managed care organization (MMCO) fraud, waste, and abuse prevention, and Medicaid providers’ “obligation to report, return, and explain Medicaid overpayments through OMIG’s Self-Disclosure Program.”

The Office for Civil Rights (OCR) at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has been busy over the past month announcing new enforcement actions and settlement agreements related to violations of the Privacy Rule implemented under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). OCR’s latest actions offer a reminder for HIPAA Covered Entities that Privacy Rule enforcement activity can come in a variety of types and sizes.

On September 15, 2022, the Department of Justice (DOJ) announced a $7.9 million settlement with generic manufacturer Akorn Operating Company LLC (Akorn) to resolve allegations that Akorn caused the submission of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs to Medicare Part D in violation of the False Claims Act (FCA).  Because Medicare Part D only covers prescription drugs, the pertinent drugs were not eligible for Medicare reimbursement. The conduct at issue under this settlement is a relatively novel basis for FCA liability, but we may see similar government enforcement actions in the future as the federal government actively encourages drug manufacturers to “switch” prescription drugs to OTC status in order to enhance their accessibility and reduce costs. This blog post provides an overview and analysis of the settlement. 

Various COVID relief programs pumped $5 trillion into the economy, incredibly quickly, and with relatively minimal vetting. Within that enormous and necessary set of economic stimulus packages was likely the greatest amount of fraud committed on the government in the shortest amount of time in history. This article takes a look at the various issues facing government agencies as they attempt to investigate allegations of PPP fraud related to pandemic-era applications and the role of the Pandemic Response Accountability Committee in coordinating and overseeing these investigations.

A spurt of letters from California Attorney General, Rob Bonta, to leaders of hospitals and other health care facilities sent on August 31, 2022 signaled the kickoff of a government probe into bias in health care algorithms that contribute to material health care decisions. This blog post highlights the California Office of the Attorney General’s initiative to address disparities in health care and what this probe may mean for the use algorithms and AI in health care. 

The head of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Dr. Robert Califf, announced on August 30, 2022 that, in addition to an extensive review of opioid regulations, the agency is launching a framework aimed at preventing overdose-related deaths.  Commissioner Califf previously committed to leading a review of opioid regulations during his December 2021 confirmation hearing, in response to repeated questions from Senators regarding FDA’s response to the ongoing opioid epidemic and broader public criticism of the agency’s historical actions in the space.  The commitment to regulatory review also follows criticism FDA has received over the years for approving OxyContin in 1995 and many other addictive opioid drugs since then without requiring more thorough warning labels and other protections that could help combat misuse and over-prescribing.

Many of the flexibilities upon which telehealth providers have come to rely in recent years are tied to the federal Public Health Emergency related to the COVID-19 pandemic (PHE). As we move into Fall 2022, we review the current state of the PHE flexibilities around Medicare reimbursement and prescription of controlled substances, examine pending legislation that, if passed, would bring greater certainty to patients and providers, and discuss what we know about the status of a possible PHE extension.

On July 26, 2022, we published a blog post detailing part one of three of proposed regulations published by the New York State Office of Medicaid Inspector General (OMIG). The proposed regulations would repeal the current Part 521 - Provider Compliance Programs of Title 18 of the New York Codes, Rules and Regulations (NYCRR) in its entirety and establish new requirements for providers to detect and prevent fraud, waste, and abuse in the Medicaid Program under a new Part 521: Fraud, Waste, and Abuse Prevention (Part 521). In this post, we summarize the second subpart of Part 521 covering proposed regulations that would require MMCOs to develop and implement programs to detect and prevent fraud, waste, and abuse in the Medicaid program.

Pharmacies have long been a focus of enforcement actions brought by the Department of Justice (DOJ) and Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General (OIG). This summer has been no exception, with the DOJ and OIG bringing a number of fraud cases against pharmacies and pharmacists. We also saw enforcement against pharmacies for allegedly falsifying prior authorization information and providing more insulin than the pharmacy billed to payors. This blog summarizes some of these and other key pharmacy enforcement trends this summer.

Receiving a warning letter from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) means that the agency has identified what it calls “violations of regulatory significance” and that you (as the recipient) need to take corrective actions or risk inviting some actual enforcement under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act), which could include injunctions, seizures, and criminal penalties. This post highlights what an FDA warning letter means for Amazon.com as well as potential implications for the retail giant.

In a significant win for False Claims Act (FCA) defendants, the Eighth Circuit recently reversed a district court decision that defendants violated the FCA premised on violations of the Anti-Kickback Statute (AKS). The Eighth Circuit adopted a stricter but-for causation standard for FCA claims based on AKS violations, holding that, in order to prevail on these claims, the government must prove that FCA defendants would not have submitted claims for particular items or services to Medicare or Medicaid absent the illegal kickbacks. 

On August 7, 2022, after extensive deliberation, Senate Democrats passed their long-awaited reconciliation bill, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the Reconciliation Bill). In addition to climate and tax provisions, the Reconciliation Bill includes a revised drug pricing reform package that Democrats had approved last month. In this post, we review what passing the long-awaited drug pricing reforms means for Medicare recipients and for drug prices in the United States.

2022 continues to see a surge in state-led PBM enforcement efforts. This roundup provides a brief summary of Louisiana’s complaint against United Healthcare and OptumRx related to its Medicaid program and recent state legislative actions.

Important developments related to required price reporting to Medicare for clinical laboratories under the Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014 (PAMA)  have recently occurred.  As a result, the clinical laboratory industry is hopeful that Medicare cuts scheduled to resume in 2023 and other aspects of PAMA’s price reporting requirements will be reformed. This blogpost provides an analysis of the ACLA lawsuit and newly introduced legislation that amends PAMA.  

The New York State Office of Medicaid Inspector General (OMIG) published proposed regulations in the July 13, 2022 issue of the New York State Register.  The proposed regulations would repeal the current Part 521 - Provider Compliance Programs of Title 18 of the New York Codes, Rules and Regulations (NYCRR) in its entirety and establish new requirements for providers to detect and prevent fraud, waste and abuse in the Medicaid Program under a new Part 521: Fraud, Waste, and Abuse Prevention (Part 521). This blogpost highlights certain provisions from the first of Part 521’s three subparts, Subpart 521-1, that are relevant to New York Medicaid providers as they structure and update their compliance programs.